Case Studies: US

Crunchyroll is not a traditional streaming TV service. It is a fandom hub, with engagement touch points that encourage viewers to deepen their fandom. By providing ways to watch, play, listen, spend money, consume news, and participate in live events, Crunchyroll puts anime fans on a pathway to superfandom.

Hyperpop music emerged in the 2010s, led by producer A.G. Cook, his record label PC Music, and its particular style of exaggerated, self-referential pop. From the start, though, hyperpop was always more than a music genre. It was catalysed by backlash to consumerism and late-stage capitalism, which shaped everything from the sound of the music to t...